NTC Thermistor Theory

Please click on the section below to view your area of interest:

bullet Introduction   bullet Thermal Time Constant (T.C.)
bullet Chip Configuration   bullet Thermal Dissipation Constant (D.C.)
bullet Volume Resistivity   bullet Voltage–Current Characteristics
bullet Resistance   bullet Tolerance of Thermistors
bullet Slope (Resistance Ratio)   bullet BetaCURVE and BetaCHIP Products
bullet Alpha (Temperature Coefficient)   bullet Stability & reliability of thermistors
bullet Modelling of Conduction in Thermistors   bullet Specification of thermistors for applications
bullet Mathematical Modelling of Thermistors   bullet Application Notes
bullet Exponential Model of NTC Thermistors Beta Value,ß , or Sensitivity Index   bullet Circuit Notes
bullet The Steinhart-Hart Thermistor Equation   bullet Technical Note from Analog Devices
www.analog.com/adn8830
bullet Steinhart Coefficients for BetaTHERM standard part numbers    
bullet Factors affecting measured resistance value of thermistors      
bullet Self heating effect of thermistors      
bullet Zero-power resistance characteristic      
         

Specification of thermistors for applications:

The preceding sections have covered topics relating to the factors that affect the measured value of resistance of a thermistor and to issues that affect the correlation between this measured resistance value and temperature of the thermistor. The next major topics concern the specification of thermistors and the implementation of applications that use thermistors.

The specification of thermistors in terms of part numbers and product ranges is dealt with in the product section. This section provides information on the specification of Material Curve number, nominal resistance value, tolerances, lead wire options and associated factors. All of these attributes affect the performance of a thermistor in an application.
For situations where the specification of a component part-number are not clear-cut, BetaTHERM applications engineering group can provide advice and customer support.

In terms of applications, thermistors represent a mature product range and there are many "standard" application methods in existence. However, it can be difficult to find information on specific aspects of thermistor applications, as the published literature on the topic is diverse and not well catalogued.

The application notes that are in the next sections attempt to address this situation. While an in-depth discussion at text-book level is beyond the scope of the catalog, the application notes provide a general overview of methods of using thermistors and provide key words and headings that may serve as pointers towards more detailed sources of information.
The applications section concludes with some notes on interfacing thermistors to instrumentation. This section is also presented as an overview of some relevant topics, so that the key-words and headings can be used to source more detailed information on particular items.
Thermistor applications make use of the basic thermistor features, such as Resistance versus Temperature characteristics, zero-power characteristics, self heating effects and thermal characteristics like heat capacity and dissipation constant. It follows that a knowledge of these factors is important in understanding principles of thermistor applications.
Once the general principle of an applications is understood, then the concepts of tolerance and stability and product specification become relevant in selecting the actual component to be used in the application.

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