NTC Thermistor Theory

Please click on the section below to view your area of interest:

bullet Introduction   bullet Thermal Time Constant (T.C.)
bullet Chip Configuration   bullet Thermal Dissipation Constant (D.C.)
bullet Volume Resistivity   bullet Voltage–Current Characteristics
bullet Resistance   bullet Tolerance of Thermistors
bullet Slope (Resistance Ratio)   bullet BetaCURVE and BetaCHIP Products
bullet Alpha (Temperature Coefficient)   bullet Stability & reliability of thermistors
bullet Modelling of Conduction in Thermistors   bullet Specification of thermistors for applications
bullet Mathematical Modelling of Thermistors   bullet Application Notes
bullet Exponential Model of NTC Thermistors Beta Value,ß , or Sensitivity Index   bullet Circuit Notes
bullet The Steinhart-Hart Thermistor Equation   bullet Technical Note from Analog Devices
www.analog.com/adn8830
bullet Steinhart Coefficients for BetaTHERM standard part numbers    
bullet Factors affecting measured resistance value of thermistors      
bullet Self heating effect of thermistors      
bullet Zero-power resistance characteristic      
         

Stability and Reliability of Thermistors:

The issue of Long Term Stability of components is a critical one in most temperature sensing applications. Systems Designers are usually concerned with developing circuitry and thermistor sensor specifications which assure accurate, long-term measurement capability. It is extremely important therefore that the Resistance versus Temperature characteristics of the thermistors used in such critical applications do not change or drift over time.

BetaTHERM’s range of BetaCurve product exhibit very low drift in the R/T characteristic with respect to time at elevated temperatures. This is indicated in the table below.

The long-term stability is achieved by control of materials in the manufacturing process and by "ageing" the chips at elevated temperatures prior to assembly.
Information on stability with respect to time is included in the product section of the catalog for relevant products.

For customized applications, BetaTHERM can provide advice on aging methods and on the selection of products with optimum long term stability.

AgingTime (years) at
75°CFor Material # 3
Change in resistance
value R %
Change in temperature
value d %
(Initial) 0 0.00 0.000
1 + 0.05 - 0.011
2 + 0.10 - 0.022
3 + 0.15 - 0.033
4 + 0.20 - 0.044
5 + 0.25 - 0.056
6 + 0.30 - 0.067
7 + 0.35 - 0.077
8 + 0.40 - 0.087
9 + 0.45 - 0.097
  Table # 4  

For applications where tolerance and stability are critical, BetaTHERM’s BetaCURVE series of products are superior to the BetaCHIP range. Most manufacturers offer ranges of product that are classified as either high precision and high stability or low precision devices. It is generally more economical to use low precision components where possible, but for more critical applications it is advisable to use high precision devices.

 

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